1)Thegreat statue, which was designed by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi, took tenyears to complete.

   The actual figure was made of coppersupported by a metal framework which had been especially constructed by Eiffel.

2)Theycollected Moon rocks to take back to the earth for further research.

请教老师:

句1)中的complete 需要是及物动词,宾语是前面的the greatstatue 吧?

问题是:能否倒过来讲,比如说成: To complete the great statue took ten years.?

假如可以,我的疑问是不定式To complete the great statue 表示“以后”,took是过去式,不定式和谓语took之间什么动作先发生呢?

不定式在此作主语又表达了哪种含义呢?  (但好像可以说成It tookten years to complete the great statue 吗?)

2)    supported by a metal framework which hadbeen especially constructed by Eiffel. 是修饰copper还是The actualfigure呢?

3)句2),为何不是Theycollected Moon rocks to take "THEM" back to the earth for furtherresearch. - 缺少了宾语them呀?!

1 你的第一个句子和动词take的语义和使用方法有关。take的语义之一是做某事需要或花了多少时间。take为及物动词,用时间作宾语,还可以加上某人作间接宾语。用不定式表示作某事。我用简单的句子说明take这个意义的不同句式,然后你可以套用到你的句子中。

比如表示某人写某本书用了三年时间。可以有以下几种句型:

Tom wrote the book in three years.

The book took three years to write. 不定式为悬空不定式(反射不定式),即不定式的逻辑宾语为句子的主语。不定式短语在句子中为方面状语,即这本书用了三年时间在写作方面,而不是翻译或其他方面。

It took three years to write the book. It为形式主语,不定式短语为真的主语。一般需要形式主语结构。

Tom took three years to write the book. 不定式作方面状语。

take的这个意义需要和不定式搭配用,take的动作和不定式的动作其实是同时的。即写书用了/需要三年时间。这个句子不可以理解为不定式的动作是谓语时间之后的。

另外,这里没有所谓的宾语前置问题,而是悬空不定式(反射不定式)的用法问题。关于悬空不定式(反射不定式)你可在本网搜索有关问答。

2 The actual figure was made of copper supported by a metal framework which had been especially constructed by Eiffel. 这个句子假如你剖析supported修饰的是copper. 你感觉句子意思符合逻辑吗?由被金属框架支撑的铜做的?这合理吗?你再试一试:人像被金属框架支撑着。什么符合逻辑?但凡不符合逻辑的剖析肯定是不对的剖析!记住这一点!

3 They collected Moon rocks to take back to the earth for further research. 这个句子在take后用或者不需要them都是可以的。剑桥英语语法觉得不定式作目的状语时,假如不定式的宾语就是句子的宾语,则可以用悬空不定式,即省略不定式的宾语。但这种悬空不定式是选择性的,不是需要的。也就是说也可以用普通不定式,即不定式带上宾语。另一种讲解是,假如不定式不带宾语,则不定式短语为定语,表示动宾关系。假如不定式带有宾语,则不定式短语为目的状语。不管哪种讲解,你了解这里to take后面的them可以用,也可以不需要,这就好了。