雅思剑4阅读。今天记者为大伙总结剑桥雅思系列--剑四test2中出现的近义词替换，期望能帮到你!
雅思剑4阅读分析
TEST 1 Passage one
1、主要内容：
这篇文章讲的主如果一个study，a study about children’s scientific knowledge and attitudes to rain forests 拓展这个study的重要原因是children harbor misconceptions about pure, curriculum science. And these ideas may be developed by children absorbing ideas through the popular media.。并且little formal information is available about children’ ideas in this area
大概介绍了这个study的背景和目的之后，文章就开始涉及五个open-form questions。
第一个问题是要学生介绍rainforest;第二个问题是关于热带雨林的地理分布;第三个关于热带雨林的重要程度;第四个关于热带雨林被破坏是什么原因;最后一个问题是有关保护热带雨林的重要程度。
Study的结果证明了孩子对热带雨林有误解，并且提出了environmental education对孩子的重要程度。
2、习题分析
True or false not given的判断标准：
1.true: 文章内完全有些; 可以判断的
2.false：和文章内容完全相反;或是和文章内容不同
3.not given：从文章中找不到;也判断不出来
分析passage one中此类题
1. The plight of rainforests has largely been ignored by the media.
这题一看就了解去开头找答案，由于只有开头提到了media，第一处是第一段中间：in the face of the frequent and often vivid media coverage, it is likely that children will have formed ideas about rainforests.第二处是第二段中间 these ideas may be developed by children absorbing ideas through popular media.从这两处就能得出media对这个事情还是很关注的，并没忽略。答案应该为false。
2. Children only accept opinions on rainforests that they encounter in their classroom.
这个一看又了解在开头找答案。看第一段中间in the face of the frequent and often vivid media coverage, it is likely that children will have formed ideas about rainforests…….-independent of any formal tuition. 从这里就能看出不止是课堂常识对孩子有影响，媒体的覆盖也使孩子形成错误认知。答案应该为false。
3.It has been suggested that children hold mistaken views about the “ pure” science
that they study at school.
这题还是在讲孩子们错误看法的问题，还是涉及到课堂，所以应该在开头找。从第二段第一句“many studies have shown that children harbor misconceptions about “pure”, curriculum science”,这里两个重点的词，misconceptions是表示错误看法，curriculum表示课内的，因此可以判断这句话是对的，true。
4.The fact that children’s ideas about science form part of a larger framework of ideas means that it is easier to changes them.
这看着有点难下结论，但通过做以上三题，来来回回看前面几段，应该不难发现framework这个词，在第二段第二句。These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organized, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification. 句中有的词不懂不碍事，只须能把重点的几个词看清楚，其中accessible to modification就表示这种看法可以改变。因此这道题是true。
5.The study involved asking children a number of yes/no questions such as‘Are there any rainforests in Africa?’
这个问题一看就了解要到中间部分找，是关于提问的五个问题的，那样可以看到第四段第二句：secondary school children were asked to complete a questionnaire containing five open-form questions. 看到open-form，就能了解不是yes/no questions了，答案应该为false。
假如还不放心，那样纵览全文，五个问题分别如下：第一个问题是要学生介绍rainforest;第二个问题是关于热带雨林的地理分布;第三个关于热带雨林的重要程度;第四个关于热带雨林被破坏是什么原因;最后一个问题是有关保护热带雨林的重要程度。都是打开式问题，更不是yes/no questions。
6. Girls are more likely to hold mistaken views about the rainforests’ destruction.
这道题目大家就要看girls和boys了，用scanning，发现两处提到girls和boys，1、 more girls than boys raised the idea of rainforests as animal habitats.说的是觉得热带雨林是动物栖息所的女生比男生多，与题干不符。
2、More girls than boys said rainforests provided human habitats.说的是觉得热带雨林是人类居所的女生比男生多，与题干也不符。因此，这是文中找不到，也判断不出来，选择not given。
7.The study reported here follows on from a series of studies that have looked at children’s understanding of rainforests.
这就看到了后面，最后一段中间：One encouragement is that the results of similar studies about other environmental issues suggest that older children seem to acquire the ability to appreciate, value and evaluate the conflicting views. 不管其研究的结果怎么样，similar studies是拓展了，答案为true
8.A second study has been planned to investigate primary school children’s ideas about rainforests.
这题应该着重找primary school children，或者是有关的词，并且地方应该在文章结尾处，可是纵览全文也没发现这词，就是没提到。答案应该为not given。
Questions 9-13
其实做完了以上的题目，整篇文章的内容都要知道一些，这9-13题的答案就是到其中问卷调查的五个问题中去找，推敲一下答案 就都出来了。
Questions 14
这题要找title，其实就是要main idea，那样在对文章知道一些的基础上选答案
A，讲了在science curriculum内进步一个关于环境方面的study，文章显然不是在science curriculum内，为错
B， 孩子们对热带雨林的认识，与对课程设计提供了线索。这个一看就和文章非常贴近，前半句是study的内容，后半句是study的目的，再看一下后面的比较保险
C，孩子们在热带雨林这个问题上被媒体的误导程度。那也只不过在开头提到了，后面压根就没涉及到，是错的
D，怎么样采集，撰写，描述初中生的看法。与文章内容明显不符合
E， 热带雨林的重要程度与被破坏是什么原因。这只不过文中study包括的两个问题，不涵盖全部内容
比较一下，B是比较适合的答案
雅思剑4阅读近义词转换
Cambridge 4 TEST 2
1. initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your owninitiative=under your own steam=to be the person who startssomething=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n.
2. increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on theincrease=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.
3. teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.
4. more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.
5. determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.
6. young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor青年n.
7. community=all the people in a particular area, city, countryetc.群体，团体，社区n.
8. traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.
9. fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be afailure=go wrong=not work=do no good=fall through失败v.
10. endanger=to put someone or something in danger of beinghurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.
11. diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.
12. inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可防止的adj.
13. differ from=unusual与…不同v.
14. reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to dosomething=conservative勉强的adj.
15. consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.
16. alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个
17. therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form oftreatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.
18. retrain=taking courses再教育v.
19. salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee薪资，收入n.
20.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.
21. complaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.
22. illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病 n.
23. connection=relationship=link=correlation联系 n.
24. beneficial=be good for you/ do somebodygood=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的 adj.
25. insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解 n.
26. physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的 adj.
27. hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.
28. accompany=with=together=along with=come wit伴随,随着
29. mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的adj.
30. possible=possibility=can=potential=there is achance/possibility可能的adj.
31. reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 降低 n.
32. class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety类型n.
33. rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习 n.
34. peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who havethe same type of job, social class etc同伴 n.
35. defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something againstattack 防御n.
36. strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 办法，功略n.
37. assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助 v.
38. specific=give more details=expand on=enlarge on=go intomore=greater detail=be more specific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.
39. substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质 n.
40. surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境 n.
41. engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.
42. combine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.
43. survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.
雅思剑4阅读长难句剖析
1. The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated orapportioned, so that they are distributed in the most just and efficient way, isnot a new one.
剖析：本句的主句为“The problem is not a new one”;“how health-care resources shouldbe allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in the most just andefficient way”为how引导的宾语从句，做of的宾语;“so that they are distributed in the most justand efficient way”为so that引导的目的状语从句。
2. What is new is that, from the 1950s onwards, there have been certaingeneral changes in outlook about the finitude of resources as a whole and ofhealth-care resources in particular, as well as more specific changes regardingthe clientele of health-care resources and the cosplayt to the community of thoseresources.
剖析：本句的主句为“What is new is that…”;“that, from the 1950s onwards, there havebeen certain general changes in outlook about the finitude of resources as awhole and of health-care resources in particular, as well as more specificchanges regarding the clientele of health-care resources and the cosplayt to thecommunity of those resources.”为that引导的表语从句;“regarding the clientele ofhealth-care resources and the cosplayt to the community of thoseresources”为目前分词短语做定语。
3. Thus, in the 1950s and 1960s, there emerged an awareness in Westernsocieties that resources for the provision of fossil fuel energy were finite andexhaustible and that the capacity of nature or the environment to sustaineconomic development and population was also finite.
剖析：本句较长，主句为“there emerged an awareness in Western societies”;“thatresources for the provision of fossil fuel energy were finite andexhaustible”和“that the capacity of nature or the environment to sustain economicdevelopment and population was alsofinite”为and连接的并列从句，都是that引导的同位语从句，做awareness的同位语。
4. Looking back, it now seems quite incredible that in the national healthsystems that emerged in many countries in the years immediately after the1939-45 World War, it was assumed without question that all the basic healthneeds of any community could be satisfied, at least in principle; the ‘invisiblehand’ of economic progress would provide.
剖析：本句为分号连接的两个分句，第一个分句较长，其主句为“it now seems quite incredible that…inprinciple”其中it为形式主语，that引导主语从句;“that emerged in many countries in the yearsimmediately after the 1939-45 World War”为定语从句，作national healthsystem的定语，关系词为that;在that引导的主语从句中，“that all the basic health needs of anycommunity could be satisfied, at least inprinciple”为that引导的主语从句，it做形式主语。第二个分句为简单句。
5. Although the language of ‘rights’ sometimes leads to confusion, by thelate 1970s it was recognized in most societies that people have a right tohealth-care.
剖析：本句的主句为“it was recognized in most societies that people have a right tohealth-care ”，其中it为形式主语，“that people have a right tohealth-care”为that引导的主语从句;“Although the language of ‘rights’ sometimes leads toconfusion”为although引导的让步状语;括号部分为附加/补充的信息，为though引导的让步状语从句，在此从句中，“that there is aformal right to health-care”为that引导的同位语从句，做idea的同位语。
6. It is also accepted that this right generates an obligation or duty forthe state to ensure that adequate health-care resources are provided out of thepublic purse.
剖析：本句中“that this right generates an obligation or duty for the state toensure that adequate health-care resources are provided out of the publicpurse”为that引导的主语从句，it做形式主语;和“that adequate health-care resources are providedout of the public purse”为that引导的宾语从句，做ensure的宾语。
7. Just at the time when it became obvious that health-care resources couldnot possibly meet the demands being made upon them, people were demanding thattheir fundamental right to health-care be satisfied by the state.
剖析：本句主句为“people were demanding that their fundamental right to health-carebe satisfied by the state.”“Just at the time when it became obvious thathealth-care resources could not possibly meet the demands being made uponthem”为时间状语，其中“when it became obvious that health-care resources could notpossibly meet the demands being made upon them”为定语从句，做the time的定语，关系词为when;“thattheir fundamental right to health-care be satisfied by thestate”为that引导的宾语从句，做demand的宾语。
8. The second set of more specific changes that have led to the presentconcern about the distribution of health-care resources stems from the dramaticrise in health cosplayts in most OECD countries, accompanied by large-scaledemographic and social changes which have meant, to take one example, thatelderly people are now major consumers ofhealth-care resources.
剖析：本句主句为“The second set of more specific changes stems from the dramaticrise in health cosplayts in most OECD countries”;“that have led to the presentconcern about the distribution of health-careresources.”为定语从句，做changes的定语，关系词为that;“accompanied by large-scale demographicand social changes which have meant, to take one example, that elderly peopleare now major consumers of health-careresources.”为过去分词短语做状语，其中“which have meant, to take one example, that elderlypeople are now major consumers of health-careresources.”为定语从句，做changes的定语，关系词为which,“that elderly people are now major consumers of health-careresources.”为that引导的宾语从句，做mean的宾语。
9. Beginning as something unusual in a handful of big cities—New York,London, Paris and Berlin—the new medium quickly found its way across the world,attracting larger and larger audiences wherever it was shown and replacing otherforms of entertainment as it did so.
剖析：本句的主句为“the new medium quickly found its way across the world”;“Beginningas something unusual in a handful of big cities—New York, London, Paris andBerlin”目前分词短语做状语;“attracting larger and larger audiences wherever it was shownand replacing other forms of entertainment as it did so”两个并列的分词短语做状语，其中“whereverit was shown”wherever引导的为地址状语，“as it did so”为as引导的状语从句。
雅思剑4阅读test1近义词转换
Cambridge 4 TEST 1
1. ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not takeany notice忽视，无视 v.
2. encounter=face=confront=meet遇到，遭遇v.
3. mistaken view=misconception错误的看法n.
4. easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.
5. change=modify 改变v.
6. destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.
7. investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.
8. where=geographical location 表地址
9. important=vital=essential=crucial要紧的adj.
10. reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus缘由n.
11. protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.
12. newspapers, television=media媒体n.
13. where to live=habitat居住地n.
14. get warmer=global warming变暖n.
15. contribute to=play a part能够帮助v.
16. survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.
17. curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.
18. link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.
19. underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.
20. poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj.
21.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj.
22. mating=courtship交配.
23. follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.
24. good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力
25. best=well=greatest=finest=ideal=TOP=number one=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking非常好的adj.
26. surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be takenaback=startled感到惊讶的adj.
27. volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.
28. similar=re百度竞价推广ble=like=alike一样的adj.
29. blind=can not see瞎的adj.