单词的积累和语法的学会是学英语的重中之重,英语为何难,是由于语法难。下面是我们给大伙推荐的英语基础语法常识,大伙可以作为学习的参考。

1、名词:名词单复数,名词的格

名词单复数

1.通常情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

3.以―辅音字母+y‖结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries

4.以―f或fe‖结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives

5.不规则名词复数:

man-men,

woman-women,

policeman-policemen,

policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice

child-children,

foot-feet,

tooth-teeth,

fish-fish,

people-people,

Chinese-Chinese,

Japanese-Japanese

不可数名词的复数就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea

名词的格

1.有生命的东西的名词所有格:

单数后加 ‘s 如: Lucy‘s ruler my father‘s shirt

以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ‘如: his friends‘ bags

不以s 结尾的复数后加 ‘s children‘s shoes

并列名词中,假如把 ‘s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有;

如:Tom and Mike‘s car 汤姆和迈克共有些小汽车

表示所有物不是共有些,应分别在并列名词后加‘s.

如:Tom‘s and Mike‘s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车

2.表示无生命东西的名词一般用― of +名词‖来表示所有关系:

如:a picture of the classroom a map of China

2、冠词:不定冠词,定冠词类型:

不定冠词:a / an

元音读音开头的`可数名词前用an :

an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an hour an old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /

定冠词:the

定冠词的使用方法:

1.特指某人或某物: The ruler is on the desk.

2.复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.

3.谈话双方都了解的人或物:The boys aren‘t at school.

4.在序数词前: John‘s birthday is February the second.

5.用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening 不需要冠词的状况:

专有名词前:China is a big country.

名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:

This is my baseball.

复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can‘t swim. They are teachers.

在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It‘s Sunday.

1日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.

球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home. * 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.

学科名字前:My favorite subject is music.

在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.

固定词组中:at noon at night by bus

3、形容词,副词:比较级,最高级

、形容词的比较级

1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格。

2.形容词加er的规则:

⑴ 一般在词尾加er ;

⑵ 以字母e 结尾,加r ;

⑶ 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;

⑷ 以―辅音字母+y‖结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。

3.不规则形容词比较级:

good-better, beautiful-more beautiful

副词的比较级

1.形容词与副词有什么区别 ⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后 ⑵副词在句子中最容易见到的是处于实义动词之后

2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同

4、 数词:基数词,序数词

基数词

1.1-20

one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty

2.21-99

先说―几十‖,再说―几‖,中间加连字符。

23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one

3.101—999

先说―几百‖,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;

586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three

4.l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个―,‖,第一个―,‖前为thousand.第二个―,‖前为million,第三个―,‖前为billion 1,001→one thousand and one

18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three

6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine 750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion

序数词

1.一般在基数词后加th

,thirteen→thirteenth

2.不规则变化

one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth

3.以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th

twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth

4.从二十一后的―几十几‖直至―几百几十几‖或―几千几百几十几‖只将个位的基数词变为序数词。

twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth 基数词转为序数词的口诀: 基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.

一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d. 八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。 ty将y变成i,th前面有个e.

如果是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。

5、介词:常用介词:in, on, at, behind等

.at表示时间定义的某一个点。。

at 1:00在一点钟

.on表示具体日期。

注:关于"在周末"的几种表示法:

atthe weekend在周末---特指

atweekends在周末---泛指

over the weekend在整个周末

during the weekend在周末期间

在圣诞,应说at Christmas而不说on Christmas

在的时候。

On reaching the city he called up his parents. 一到城里他就给爸爸妈妈打了一个电话。

.in.表示"时段"、"时期",在多数状况下可以和during互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。 in1988在一九八八年

6、动词:

动词的四种时态:

一般目前时:

一般目前时的构成

动词:主语+be+其它。如: I am a boy. 我是一个男生。

2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词。 如: We study English. 大家学英语。 当主语为第三人称单数时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 动词+s的变化规则

通常情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks

以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以―辅音字母+y‖结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies

一般过去时:

动词过去式解析 动词的过去式的构成规则有:

1.、规则动词

① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited

② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used

③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed如 study – studied carry

– carried worry – worried

④ 双写最后一个字母如 sTOPped B、不规则动词小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,

see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,

are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt

一般以后时: 基本结构:

①be going to + do;

②will+ do. be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow. = I will go swimming tomorrow.

目前进行时: am,is,are+动词目前分词

动词目前分词解析 动词的ing形式的构成规则:

① 普通的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing

③ 双写最后一个字母的有:running , swimming , sitting , getting

以上就是我们给大伙推荐的英语语法常识,期望可以给大伙在学习的时候带来帮助。

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