54. the very richness and complexity1 of themeaningful relationships that keptpresenting and rearranging themselveson all levels，from abstract intelligence to profound dreamy feelings， made it difficult for proust to set them out coherently. （5）
各种有意义的联系在所有些层次上，自抽象的理性至深刻的梦幻般的情感，层出不穷并不断重新组合排列；正是这类有意义的联系的丰富性和复杂性，导致普鲁斯特难于将它们错落有致地安排好。
难句种类：复杂修饰、插入语、抽象词
讲解：请原谅笔者在此所做中文翻译的艰涩难懂，为了让读者可以更好地理解句子的结构，本书尽可能把中文翻译与英文原文的语序相对应，而且尽量的不需要意译。为了达到这个目的，可以说绞尽脑汁，但本句之难懂也全非笔者之故，原文作者用了很多的抽象词。本句仍然源于上面说过的这篇关于普鲁斯特的文章。句中的主语是the very richness and complexity,其后的修饰成分长达三行，of the meaningful relationships that kept presenting and rearranging themselves on all levels from abstract intelligence to profound dreamy feelings,其中还夹杂着插入语，有效地分开了主语和谓语。其实本句虽然结构也比较复杂，但不见得比前面的句子复杂得多，其真的的难题，还在于句子中很多的抽象词的用法。因为笔者在附录中所提到是什么原因，抽象词可以紧急地占据大脑资源，因此带有很多的抽象词的结构复杂的句子就更为难懂，譬如本句就是一个非常不错的例子，复杂修饰与抽象词狼狈为奸，句意另人很难理解。
意群练习：the very richness and complexity of themeaningful relationships that keptpresenting and rearranging themselveson all levels，from abstract intelligence to profound dreamy feelings， made it difficult for proust to set them out coherently.
55. but those of who hoped, with kolb, that kolbs newly published complete edition of prousts correspondence for 1909 would document the process in greater detail are disappointed.
但大家当中的那些期望（也算上k本人）k新出版的p1909年信件的全集可以愈加详细的记录下这一过程的人都大失所望。
难句种类：复杂修饰、插入语
讲解：本句中从句套从句，导致主语those of us与谓语的距离非常远，而且中间的成分又极多，使得句子非常难了解。修饰主语those of us的定语从句who hoped之中又套了一个宾语从句，宾语从句的主语complete edition又被一前一后的两个定语所修饰，之后才依次是宾语从句的谓语、宾语：主句的系动词、表语。
意群练习：but those of us who hoped, with kolb, that kolbs newly published complete edition of prousts correspondence for 1909 would document the process in greater detail are disappointed.
杨鹏gregmat难句第4部分（davidwu1970提供）
56. now we must also examine the culture as we mexican americans have experienced it , passing from a sovereign people to compatriots with newly arriving settlers to , finally ，a conquered people - a charter minority on our own land. （5 -）
目前大家需要也根据大家墨西哥裔的美国人的历程来审视这个文化，大家的历程是从一个主权的民族变成了新来的定居者的同胞，在最后沦落成为一个被征服的民族--在大家我们的土地上的契约的少数民族。
难句种类：复杂修饰、插入语、固定搭配
讲解：主句中的as we mexican americans have experienced it 是examine的状语，说明审视的角度；后面直至句尾的分词结构又是experience的状语，详述了历程的具体过程。就是这个分词有的难懂，由于大家熟悉的结构是from...to...没见过，也没想到过后面居然还有一个to,因此看到这个套了一个插入语的newly arriving settlers to , finally, a conquered people的时候头脑发生混乱，不明所以、不知所措。这里的to还是与前面的from搭配的，也就是说，原文的结构是from...to...to...
意群练习：now we must also examine the culture as we mexican americans have experienced it , passing from a sovereign people to compatriots with newly arriving settlers to , finally ，a conquered people - a charter minority on our own land.
57. it is possible to make specific complementary dnas （cdnas）that can serve as molecular2 probes to seek out the messenger rnas （mrnas）of the peptide hormones3. if brain cells are making the hormones，the cells will contain these mrnas. if the products the brain cells make re百度竞价推广ble the hormones but are not identical to them，then the cdnas should still bind4 tothese mrnas，but should not bind as tightly as they would to mrnas for the true hormones. （4）
科学家可以制造出特异的（specific）互补dnas（cdnas），以此作为分子探子（molecular probe），探觅出肽激素的信使rnas（mrnas）。假如大脑正在制造着肽激素，则细胞就会含有这类信使rnas.假若细胞所制造的商品像肽激素但并不是与这类肽激素全然相同，那样，互补cdnas应仍然和这类信使mdnas粘结的程度。含有这类mrnas的脑细胞然后就能被离别开来，研究者可对其信使rnas进行解码，以确定它们的蛋白质商品到底是什么，并确定这类蛋白质商品在何种程度上像真的的肽激素

难句种类：易混词
讲解：与其他的难句不一样的是，心上的英文不止一句。笔者之所以在本句中不设标志和翻译，是由于这三句话从结构和意思上来讲并不难。然而极少有人可以真的的一次把这段话读了解，缘由在于两个容易混淆的单词cdnas和mrnas在文中交替出现，而且相互用途；再加上brain cell和hormones从中捣乱，更难读了解原文的意思。原文的主要意思如下：可以用cdnas来探测mrnas。假如脑细胞产生了荷尔蒙，则其中必有mrnas意味着可用cdna探测荷尔蒙。假如脑细胞制造的不是真荷尔蒙，则可以用cdnas与其中的mrnas附着的状况来确定此荷尔蒙的真伪。
意群练习：it is possible to make specific complementary dnas （cdnas）that can serve as molecular probes to seek out the messenger rnas （mrnas）of the peptide hormones. if brain cells are making the hormones，the cells will contain these mrnas. if the products the brain cells make re百度竞价推广ble the hormones but are not identical to them，then the cdnas should still bind to these mrnas，but should not bind as tightly as they would to mrnas for the true hormones.
58. the molecular approach to detecting peptide hormones using cdna probes should also be much faster than the immunological method because it cantake years of tedious purifications to isolate5 peptide hormones and then develop antiserums to them. （4）
使用cdna探子来测定肽激素的这一分子生物学办法同时也应该比免疫学的办法速度来得快，由于对于免疫的办法来讲，需耗费好几年枯燥的提纯进程，方能将肽素离别了出来，然后再培养出针对它们的抗血清。
难句种类：复杂修饰、易混指代
讲解：主语后的修饰成分同样隔开了主语和谓语，但本句的困难程度主要在because从句中。根据普通的习惯，作为从句主语的it应该指主句的主语，但本句的主句是一个比较结构，a should be faster than b because it...,此处it也可以指b。但由于这种指代不符合和大家以前所形成的习惯，所以阅读现场不能不边读边依据句意来判断，这就增加了阅读理解的困难程度。现场阅读时，类似antiserums的这种专有名词不必理会，只需要从词头anti推出这是一个反p荷尔蒙的东西即可。
意群练习：the molecular approach to detecting peptide hormones using cdna probes should also be much faster than the immunological method because it cantake years of tedious purifications to isolate peptide hormones and then develop antiserums to them.
59. nevertheless, researchers of the pleistocene epoch6 have developed all sorts of more or less fanciful model schemes of how they would have arranged the ice age had they been in charge of events.（3+）
然而，研究p年代的研究者进步除去各种各样的多少有的奇怪思想的模型系统，用来显示假如由他们来决定地质事件的话他们将会怎么样安排冰川纪。
难句种类：复杂修饰、倒装、修辞
讲解：句末的由how引导的名词性从句中包含了双重的倒装，正常的语序本来是：if they had been in charge of events, they would have arranged the ice age in certain model schemes。本句中因为arrange的方法被提前，就导致了arrange的动作实行者也要提前，前面的if they had been 则需要后置；如此一来又导致了if被省略，成为had they been的倒装结构。
另外，作者为了表达其对于这类研究者的模型的负态度，并炫耀其幽默感，在本句中用了虚拟语气，并用了fanciful这个词以表示这类研究的不负责任、异想天开的幼童心理。
意群练习：nevertheless, researchers of the pleistocene epoch have developed all sorts of more or less fanciful model schemes of how they would have arranged the ice age had they been in charge of events.
60. this succession was based primarily on a series of depositsand events not directly related toglacial and interglacial periods，ratherthan on the more usual modern method of studying biological remains7 found in interglacial beds themselves interstratified within glacial deposits. （4）
这一序列演替（succession）所依据的，主如果一系列与冰川期和间冰期并不直接有关的地质沉积物和地质事件，而不是依据更为常见的现代办法，去研究间冰层（interglacial bed）中所发现的生物残留物，而这类间冰层本身又在冰川沉积物发生间层化（interstatified）。
难句种类：复杂修饰、省略、易淆指代
讲解：句子中的rather than 之后省略了与前面重复的being based,直接加上了介词on。modern method后面的部分都是修饰method的。其中的remains既能够作动词也可以作名词，此处是名词的使用方法，biological remains指的是像动物化石之类的遗迹。读到这里大家看到了句子的难题，themselves既能够指前面离得非常远的modern method，也可以指前面离得较远的biological remains，亦可以指紧挨着的interglacial beds，到底是指代哪一个，只有通过理解句意，才能确定在此处指biological remains

意群练习：this succession was based primarily on a series of depositsand events not directly related toglacial and interglacial periods，ratherthan on the more usual modern method of studying biological remains found in interglacial beds themselves interstratified within glacial deposits.
61. there have been attempts to explain these taboos8 in terms of inappropriate socialrelationships either between those who are involved and those who arenot simultaneously9 involved in the satisfaction of a bodily need，orbetween those already satiated andthose who appear to be shamelessly gorging10.（5）
大家试图对这类忌讳作出讲解，所依据的要么是那些正置身于某一身体需要满足的人与那些并置身于某一身体需要之满足的人之间的，要么是那些早已酒足饭饱的人与那些正在不知羞耻地狼吞虎咽失之间的不相称的社会关系